Democracy -- with its emphasis on participation, representation, and the protection of individual rights -- is a system that generally promotes social well-being and political stability. Analyzing the reasons for the challenges in building social and political trust in Bangladesh over the last 52 years involves considering a range of historical, political, social, and economic factors.
It is important to note that such analyses would be complex and multi-faceted, and views on this subject may vary. Nevertheless, after 52 years of independence, can a citizen of the state of Bangladesh claim that they have absolute citizenship rights in Bangladesh? If not, who is to blame for that is a fundamental question that we should all ask.
If we consider politics and political parties for running the state, then, of course, it was the responsibility of the political parties of Bangladesh to ensure absolute fundamental rights -- which include, but are not limited to, food, education, shelter, health, justice, and the right to franchise. However, due to mistrust and ideological differences, major political parties have been in conflict, which has significantly destroyed the harmony of Bangladesh since independence.
Undemocratic practices result in a lack of representation. In a democracy, the goal is to ensure that diverse voices and perspectives are always heard. Undemocratic practices, such as restrictions on political participation or unfair electoral processes, exclude certain groups from decision-making.
The question that emerges is whether we need democracy first or development. From this concept, development is a crucial process for a nation, but it must be through the voice and participation of the nation's citizens. At the same time, a state must protect citizens' democratic rights and, in every respect, allow them to exercise their democratic, mainly voting rights.
Undemocratic practices can also involve the suppression of civil liberties, freedom of expression, and the right to peaceful assembly without emphasising the protection of individual rights and freedoms. Such violations can lead to social unrest and a deterioration of trust between the government and its citizens.
Corruption and nepotism -- where those in power prioritize personal interests over the good of society at large -- have resulted in economic inequality, inefficient resource allocation, and lack of accountability. As a result, social divisions and conflicts are evident in Bangladesh more than ever. Certain groups or individuals are excluded or marginalized from the political process, leading to social tension and unrest. A healthy democracy strives to promote inclusion and social cohesion.
A disruptive socio-economic and cultural environment discourages social progress. A uniform and standardized level of education and awareness among the population is severely lacking, while limited access to quality education and information hinders the development of an informed and politically active citizen. As a result, brain drain is the de facto in Bangladesh as the youth does not see any potential in their own country and instead migrate to developed countries to fulfill their dreams.
Most importantly, undemocratic practices erode trust in institutions and the government. When people perceive that decision-making processes are unfair or exclusionary, they may become disillusioned with the political system, leading to a decline in civic engagement and participation.
Since the country's independence, Bangladesh has experienced periods of political instability, including military coups and frequent government changes. Frequent changes in leadership and political uncertainty can erode public confidence in political institutions and parties. Our nation has also witnessed episodes of political violence, including protests, strikes, and clashes between various political parties. Such events create an atmosphere of fear and uncertainty, which can affect confidence in the stability of the political system.
Mainly, the youth abstains from politics, which is worrying for the nation. If leadership qualities are not developed in the youth, the nation cannot progress sufficiently, and there will be a leadership shortage in the future.
It is crucial to recognize that these issues are interrelated -- that a comprehensive and multi-dimensional approach is needed to address the challenges of building social and political trust in Bangladesh. Strategies which focus on strengthening democratic institutions, promoting transparency, tackling corruption, and fostering inclusive economic development can contribute to rebuilding trust over time.
Additionally, open dialogue and efforts towards addressing the concerns of different communities within the nation can foster trust and social cohesion -- these should be common goals for the political leadership across the nation.
ASM Anam Ullah is an Australian academic and human rights activist
