Dr Dipu Moni was made the new minister of Social Welfare after a 37-member council of ministers took oath at Bangabhaban on Thursday evening.
She previously served as the education minister.
Dr Dipu Moni was appointed the first female foreign minister of Bangladesh on January 6, 2009, after victory for the Awami League-led Grand Alliance on December 29, 2008.
Currently, she serves as the Joint secretary of the Bangladesh Awami League.
As a new cabinet swears in on Thursday, the Sheikh Hasina-led government has distributed ministries among its members.
The new cabinet will be comprised of 37 members this time, Cabinet Secretary Mahbub Hossain told the media.
There will be 25 ministers and 11 state ministers in this cabinet along with Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. Among them, there will be two technocrat ministers this time.