In recent times, Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, has seen significant infrastructural advancements with the introduction of the metro rail, elevated expressways, and expanded multilane roads. These developments aimed to transform the city's transportation landscape, offering a glimpse of modernity. However, amidst these transformations, the plight of public buses remains a stark reminder of the challenges faced by the city's commuters.
The state of Dhaka's public buses paints a contrasting picture against the backdrop of progress. Despite the visible changes in infrastructure, the majority of public buses continue to operate in deplorable conditions, reminiscent of a bygone era. They are often described as old, broken-down vehicles resembling mere boxes of scrap metal.
According to recent statistics provided by the Bangladesh Road Transport Authority (BRTA), out of the 41,462 buses in the capital, a staggering 21,445 buses are deemed unfit for service. This alarming figure underscores a systemic issue plaguing Dhaka's public transport system. These unfit buses, numbering half of the total fleet, pose a significant challenge to commuters' safety and comfort.
"A strong commitment is needed from the government to address the challenges facing Dhaka's public transport system," emphasized Transportation Engineering expert and BUET Professor Md Shamsul Hoque. "Without improved bus services, the vision of a smart Bangladesh remains unattainable."
The state of Dhaka buses
A closer examination of the operational buses reveals a distressing reality. Many of these vehicles traverse the city's streets in discoloured and shabby conditions. Broken windows, missing doors, and dilapidated interiors characterize their appearance. Passengers often endure uncomfortable journeys, with some seats in such poor condition that they pose risks of injury and damage to clothing.
Moreover, a pervasive bad odour and the presence of cockroaches further compound the dismal experience for passengers. Operating these unfit and unsanitary buses not only undermines commuters' well-being but also detracts from the city's aesthetic appeal, contributing to a sense of urban decay.
The origins of this transportation crisis trace back to regulatory shortcomings and lax enforcement of existing standards. Despite regulations mandating the retirement of buses older than 20 years, the implementation has been inconsistent. Previous efforts to remove outdated vehicles from circulation through raids and enforcement campaigns yielded temporary results, only for old and unfit buses to reappear on the roads shortly after.
Turag Paribahan, a prominent public bus service in Dhaka, epitomizes the prevailing challenges faced by commuters. "We are in a developing country, but such noisy buses do not go with the capital of a developing country," admitted BRTA Chairman Md Nur Mohammad Mazumder. "Foreigners come to our country, but when they see such buses, they cannot reconcile the accounts of developing countries."
While Dhaka's commuters grapple with substandard bus services, residents of upscale neighbourhoods such as Gulshan and Banani enjoy a contrasting experience. Since 2016, these areas have benefited from the introduction of "Dhaka Chaka," a fleet of air-conditioned buses offering comfortable and reliable transportation services.
Can luxury bus services become affordable?
The implementation of "Dhaka Chaka" represents a step towards providing quality public transport to select areas of the city. However, concerns persist regarding accessibility and affordability for all residents. Despite higher fares compared to traditional buses, passengers express satisfaction with the improved service quality, indicating a demand for enhanced transportation options.
Addressing the systemic challenges facing Dhaka's public transport system requires concerted efforts from governmental authorities, regulatory bodies, and transport operators.
"The goodwill of the transport owners is needed to keep these transports in good shape and bring the beautiful buses on the roads," stressed BRTA Chairman Md. Nur Mohammad Mazumder.
The BRTA has intensified engagements with transport associations and launched awareness campaigns to address the issue of unfit buses. However, sustained efforts and collaboration are essential to effect meaningful change and restore public confidence in Dhaka's transportation infrastructure.
