Russia took on the presidency of the UN Security Council on Saturday, a day after the Kremlin said Russia plans to exercise all the rights afforded by the role.
Ukraine's Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba termed the development "a slap in the face to the international community."
"I urge the current UNSC members to thwart any Russian attempts to abuse its presidency," Kuleba said at the start of Russia's tenure of the body's rotating presidency.
In a statement on Twitter, Kuleba called Russia "an outlaw on the UNSC".
In another development, the US urged Russia to "conduct itself professionally" while holding the position. The US said that there was no way to prevent Russia from assuming the presidency.
UN member states take on the rotating presidency of the Security Council in alphabetical order according to the English-language names of each country.
The council's presidency will be held by Russia for the month of April, after which it will be replaced by Switzerland. Russia's presidency follows that of Mozambique.
Russia would hold little influence on decisions but would be in charge of the agenda.
Andriy Yermak, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy's chief of staff, said that this represented a "symbolic blow to the rules-based system of international relations."
"It is very telling that on the holiday of one terror state — Iran — another terror state — Russia — begins to preside over the UN Security Council," Yermak said, referring to the Islamic Republic Day observed in Iran.
Ukraine has accused Tehran of supplying Russia with arms.
Meanwhile, the sister of North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, Kim Yo Jong, has accused Ukraine of having nuclear ambitions.
Kim Yo Jong based the claim on an online petition which calls for Ukraine to station nuclear weapons on Ukrainian territory or alternatively to acquire its own nuclear weapons.
In Ukraine, petitions need to garner 25,000 signatures within 90 days for a response from President Volodymyr Zelenskyy. The petition was filed on Friday and had received 640 signatures by Saturday afternoon.
Kim said that the petition could be a political plot by President Volodymyr Zelenskyy's office.
The petition follows Russian President Vladimir Putin's announcement that Moscow plans to station tactical nuclear weapons in Belarus.
North Korea is seeking to expand its own nuclear stockpile and has engaged in a number of ballistic missile tests over the past year.
