The Cambridge Majlis is a student society at Cambridge founded in 1891 as a platform for discussion of social and political issues in South Asia. The Majlis moulded some of South Asia's most influential political figures and leaders, many of whom saw it as a formative space to cultivate their politics and world-views and who went on to lead anti-colonial and democratic movements in their own countries. Past members include India's first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, Nobel Prize-winning economist Amartya Sen, and eminent Bangladeshi economist Rehman Sobhan. Figures such as Mahatma Gandhi, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, E.M. Forster and Bertrand Russell also addressed the Majlis.
Over the past few years, Majlis members have uncovered much of the society's long-neglected history. An archival exhibition at the Wren Library in Trinity college showcases many of the region's leaders and thinkers. It highlights how Majlis members played an active role in the Indian independence struggle in the 1930s and 40s. Archives from the British Library show that the Majlis' "seditious activities" and "communist leanings" led to the Metropolitan Police and Scotland Yard to begin monitoring its activities.
Opening Reception of Majlis's Archival Exhibition at the Trinity Wren Library, Cambridge CourtesyThe Majlis debated and discussed issues such as the Government of India Act and Britain's policy of divide and rule, but also engaged in political action to further the independence movement. Protests were held, petitions were signed, and money was raised to “Get the British out of India.” In response to a proclamation by Gandhi that Indian students should hold monthly demonstrations and meetings to demand the release of political prisoners, the Majlis held a gathering at St. John's College, Cambridge on February 10, 1945. The Cambridge Majlis received wires from both Gandhi and Nehru, thanking them for their contribution to the Indian Independence movement.
One of those under scrutiny in this period, Subrata Ray Chowdhury, went on to become a leading constitutional lawyer in India. Scotland Yard's recently declassified records include his correspondence with Irish nationalist leaders expressing support for freedom fighters against the British Raj. Chowdhury also reportedly travelled to Ireland where he was expected to meet Seán O'Kelly, the new President of Ireland and De Valera, who had a leading role in introducing the 1937 constitution of Ireland.
Speech from Kamal Munir, Pro-Vice Chancellor of the University of Cambridge at the Opening Ceremony of the Exhibition CourtesyChowdhury also met with both Seán and Maud Gonne MacBride on this visit. Maud Gonne MacBride was an Irish republican, revolutionary and suffragette. She was also a long-time love interest of the poet W.B. Yeats. Her son, Seán MacBride, the Irish independence activist and later politician, founded Amnesty International. Interestingly, reinforcing the ties to South Asia, Sean MacBride later formed part of the "people's commission of enquiry" created in September 1980 to investigate the circumstances impeding the prosecution of those responsible for the assassination of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and the murder of most of his family members.
In the 1950s, as ideas of state-building, economic policy and modes of government dominated discourse, the Majlis provided a way for South Asian students to directly engage with public and political life in the post-colonial, post-partitioned world. Members of the Majlis during this period went on to become influential policy makers in their respective countries.
Amartya Sen was awarded a Nobel prize for his pioneering scholarship addressing issues of global justice and combatting social inequality in education and healthcare. Rehman Sobhan's two economies theory contributed to the movement for independence in Bangladesh in the 1960s, Mahbubul Haq served as Minister of Finance for Pakistan (1985-86) and devised the popular Human Development Index used to engage the development of nations, and Salma Sobhan (then Ikramulah) went on to found Ain-o-Salish Kendra. The Sri Lankan author Lal Jayawardena became the first director for the World Institute for Development Economics and Sri Lankan treasury secretary in the 1970s.
Majlis Full Committee 2023 CourtesyThe Majlis stopped its activities after 1971, reportedly following the rising tensions between Indians and Pakistanis at Cambridge over Bangladesh's war of Independence. After almost five decades, following Mahid Qamar and Sahil Baid's rediscovery of the Archives, the Majlis returned to being a centre of South Asian intellectual and cultural life at Cambridge.
Since its revival, it has had presidents from India (Sara Saloo, 2021), Pakistan (Mahid 2019 and Sahil 2020) and now, Bangladesh (Laleh Bergman Hossain 2022).
You can find more information about the Majlis on its social media accounts: @thecambridgemajlis and https://www.facebook.com/cambridgemajlis
