In contemporary governance, the importance of evidence-based policy-making (EBPM) cannot be overstated. This methodology guarantees that policy decisions are founded on thorough and objective evidence, thereby improving the effectiveness, efficiency, and fairness of governmental actions.
Evidence-based policy-making involves the development of policies that rely on factual and credible evidence to guide decision-making. However, it is essential to recognize that this does not entail disregarding the value of experience, expertise, and judgment.
Thus, a comprehensive approach to evidence-based policy formulation in Bangladesh should encompass the integration of practical experience, expertise, and judgment with the most reliable external evidence derived from systematic research.
For developing nations such as Bangladesh, where resources are scarce and challenges are numerous, the implementation of an evidence-based policy-making framework is especially vital. It is crucial to formulate policies that are supported by evidence rather than resorting to ad-hoc decisions in governmental actions.
With its rapidly growing population and swift economic development, Bangladesh encounters a variety of developmental challenges. Traditional policy-making, often influenced by anecdotal evidence, has frequently resulted in less than optimal outcomes.
To effectively tackle these complex issues, policies must be guided by trustworthy data and thorough analysis. For instance, in the realm of education, evidence serves as a critical tool for directing investments toward initiatives that have demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing learning outcomes.
Moreover, the implementation of an evidence-based framework promotes greater accountability and transparency within governance. Policy-makers are compelled to substantiate their decisions with empirical data, thereby minimizing the potential for arbitrary or biased actions. This practice can cultivate public confidence and bolster the legitimacy of governmental operations.
Numerous countries utilize a variety of tools and mechanisms to support evidence-based policy-making. Governments in advanced countries frequently manage comprehensive administrative databases that consolidate information from various public services, thereby forming a significant resource for assessing policy effectiveness.
Additionally, national statistical agencies regularly conduct surveys and longitudinal studies. For instance, the US Census Bureau carries out the decennial census and the American Community Survey, which yield comprehensive demographic, economic, and housing information. In a similar vein, European countries engage in Eurostat surveys, which provide comparable data across the European Union.
Public policy formulation in Bangladesh lacks a foundation in concrete realities and empirical evidence. Scholars identify several primary actors and factors in public policy, which includes pressure groups and lobbyists, established habits and traditions, individual judgment, practical experience, values, decision-making contexts, contingencies, resource availability, and limited evidence.
A significant obstacle is the assurance of data availability and quality, which is often hindered by inadequate resources and infrastructure. Additionally, political factors frequently overshadow the policy-making process, which may impede the integration of evidence-based methodologies. It is also essential to be vigilant against confirmation bias, which can result in a selective search for evidence that aligns with pre-existing beliefs while disregarding opposing data, as well as optimism bias, which may lead to an unrealistic belief in the ability to achieve goals despite contrary evidence.
While challenges may exist, strategic measures can lead to a more informed, accountable, and transparent policy-making process
To effectively implement an EBPM framework in Bangladesh, several critical elements must be addressed.
The foremost step is to establish a comprehensive policy that delineates the structural and operational frameworks necessary for this initiative. Creating dedicated units within essential ministries will ensure that each sector is equipped to generate and apply evidence effectively. In the meantime the government has approved a unit known as the Reform Management and Policy Research Unit (RMPRU) in all ministries and divisions.
To establish a strong foundation for evidence-based policy-making, it is essential to operationalize the RMPRU as a preliminary measure. A central authority, potentially situated within the Prime Minister’s Office or the Cabinet Division, could oversee the activities of various policy research units, ensuring uniformity and coherence across multiple sectors. This authority would also promote the exchange of best practices and encourage collaboration among ministries.
Moreover, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) could conduct studies and surveys aligned with the specific needs of the ministries, in addition to their regular responsibilities. Establishing formal partnerships between ministries and relevant local public and private universities is also vital. Universities can undertake research and studies based on the ministries' requirements, and they can propose research initiatives that align with mutual agreements. Simultaneously, ministries should seek research partnerships with international universities and research institutions to generate evidence.
In addition, the development of a national data infrastructure is essential, which includes the establishment of standardized procedures for data collection, storage, and sharing. Utilizing big data and advanced analytics can significantly improve the capacity to derive actionable insights. Investing in technological platforms that enable data integration and real-time analysis will also help.
Furthermore, engaging diverse stakeholders is also essential for incorporating various perspectives into policy-making, enhancing the relevance and acceptance of policies. Public participation mechanisms, like consultation meetings and online platforms, democratize this process, allowing citizens to voice their opinions.
In Bangladesh, implementing an evidence-based policy-making framework is crucial for addressing complex developmental challenges. Grounding policies in solid evidence can enhance the effectiveness, efficiency, and fairness of government initiatives. While challenges may exist, strategic measures can lead to a more informed, accountable, and transparent policy-making process.
Dr Mohammad Kamrul Hasan is a Public Administration Researcher and Practitioner.
