Acne, blackheads, and whiteheads are among the most common skin problems. In medical terms, blackheads and whiteheads are known as “comedones.”
Although they look similar, dermatologists say they differ in type and cause. The problem begins when sebum (excess oil) and dead skin cells get trapped in the hair follicles. To treat them properly, however, it is essential to understand how they differ.
Blackheads: In this case, the opening of the pore stays open.
As a result, the oil and dead cells trapped inside come into contact with the air and undergo a chemical reaction (oxidation), turning black. This is not caused by dirt or dust from outside but by a chemical change in the oil itself.
Whiteheads: Here, the opening of the pore is covered by a thin layer of skin. Because air cannot get inside, no oxidation occurs, and the contents appear as white or pale yellowish bumps.
Since the pore opening is closed, bacterial infection can develop in it, which may later turn into painful acne.
Main causes of the problem:
- Hormonal fluctuations: When androgen hormones rise in the body during puberty, pregnancy, or menstruation, the secretion of sebum (oil) increases.
- Unsuitable cosmetics: Using excessively heavy makeup or comedogenic products can block the pores.
- Irregular exfoliation: If dead cells are not shed from the skin regularly, they mix with oil and clog the follicles.
Expert advice and proper skincare:
According to dermatologists, picking at these blemishes with fingernails or squeezing them can cause skin infections and permanent pitted scars.
Rather than using the wrong products, skincare should be chosen according to the active ingredients:
- Salicylic acid for blackheads: Because it is oil-soluble, it penetrates deep into the pores and helps dissolve hardened oil and blackheads. A face wash or serum containing 2% salicylic acid can be used.
- Alpha hydroxy acids for whiteheads: Glycolic or lactic acid removes the layer of dead cells on the skin’s surface, helping whiteheads to clear.
- Retinoids for cell renewal: Retinoids play a special role in renewing and regenerating skin cells.
