Bangladesh’s Islamists are readying to make political gains after being crushed for years by the government that was overthrown in a mass uprising last year, rallying hardline loyalists for eagerly anticipated elections.
“We are pretty confident about entering the parliament in the next election,” Muhammad Mamunul Haque, ameer of Bangladesh Khelafat Majlis and joint secretary of Hefazat-e-Islam, told AFP in an interview.
Hefazat-e-Islam — an influential pressure group comprising multiple political parties, Muslim organizations, and religious schools — staged one of its most significant displays of strength in years on Saturday.
Thousands of Bangladeshi Islamists rallied in Dhaka, reflecting a surge in religious activism.
Islamist groups have gained strength after the toppling of the iron-fisted regime of Sheikh Hasina in August 2024.
Mamunul, 52, said the group will push to implement sharia, or Islamic law, and believes the group’s network of tens of thousands of seminaries -- claiming to have some 500,000 members -- means they will do well if the vote “is free and fair.”
Hefazat-e-Islam is an alliance of different parties and Muslim organizations, including Mamunul’s Khilafat-e-Majlish party.
A hugely influential pressure group, it has been courted by political parties since it was founded 15 years ago.
No date has been set for elections but caretaker leader Muhammad Yunus, the Nobel Peace Prize winner who heads the interim government, has promised polls will be held by June 2026 at the latest.
Strength after revolution
Bangladesh last held elections in January 2024, when Sheikh Hasina won a fourth term as prime minister in the absence of genuine opposition parties.
Her opponents boycotted the vote after a crackdown.
Hasina, who was blamed for extensive human rights abuses, took a tough stand against Islamist movements during her 15-year rule.
Thousands were detained, including Mamunul, who was arrested in 2021 and spent three years in jail.
He faced around a dozen charges after Islamists tried to protest against a visit by Hasina’s key ally Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the Hindu-nationalist leader of neighbouring India.
Hasina fled to New Delhi in August as crowds stormed her palace.
Islamist groups have gained strength with Hasina gone and have increasingly sought to impose their vision on the wider population.
That has sparked worries from smaller groups, including Muslim Sufi worshippers and the Hindu minority, who together account for less than a tenth of the population.
Women, in particular, have expressed concern.
Islamists have demanded an end to a swath of activities, including cultural events deemed “anti-Islamic” -- from music to theatre festivals, women’s football matches and kite-flying celebrations.
Mobs have vandalized Sufi shrines. Supporters of Mamunul’s Khilafat-e-Majlis stormed a public library last month and carted away hundreds of books before returning them.
Golam Rabbani, a leader of Khilafat-e-Majlish’s youth wing, said they had targeted books that “promoted atheism”, including Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore and the national poet Kazi Nazrul Islam.
‘Implement sharia’
Hefazat-e-Islam’s rally on Saturday followed two days of marches by other key parties who are also seeking their support.
Those include the powerful Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), expected to be the largest political force, and the National Citizens Party (NCP), formed by students who spearheaded the uprising against Hasina.
It also includes the largest single Islamist political party, Jamaat-e-Islami.
Mamunul said the group opposed a government women’s commission and its recommendations to end discriminatory provisions, including equal inheritance rights for men and women.
“The commission is disrespectful to Islamic family traditions,” Mamunul said.
“It seems they want to destroy the religious values attached to marriage and divorce and want to establish a Western society.”
Muslim-majority Bangladesh has a constitution based on the four pillars of nationalism, socialism, democracy and secularism.
However, Mamunul said his supporters wanted Islamic law.
“We will implement sharia,” Haque said, insisting all would be treated fairly.
“Everything will be guided by the Koran... under an Islamic welfare state, all, regardless of their faith, will be treated justly.”
That would include capital punishment for blasphemy against Islam.
“We demand death sentences for speaking against Allah, tarnishing the image of the Prophet, and offending Muslims,” Mamunul said.
“There is no room for negotiation in this regard.”
