Hundreds of thousands of maskless devotees packed a religious festival on Monday as India overtook Brazil to become the country with the second-highest number of coronavirus infections, bearing the brunt of a new Covid-19 wave battering South Asia.
The region -- home to almost a quarter of the world's population -- has been hit by soaring infection rates in recent weeks.
India reported a new daily record of nearly 170,000 cases on Monday to take the total to 13.5 million, above Brazil's 13.48 million.
The milestone was reached as media said New Delhi would approve Russia's Sputnik V vaccine for use after being recommended by an expert panel.
India's drive to vaccinate 300 million people by the end of July needs a boost, amid reports of low vaccine stocks in some states.
The Russian company RDIF that financed the vaccine said it was "awaiting imminently" the backing of Indian regulators to use Sputnik V. Experts have blamed coronavirus complacency and frustration for the case surge.
In the holy city of Haridwar, crowds of pilgrims thronged the sacred Ganges River for a ritual bath as part of the Kumbh Mela festival.
Religious festivals and political rallies in poll-bound states have been widely accused as cases grow among the population of 1.3 billion.
Indian authorities have also warned of tougher restrictions unless the public keeps to social distancing and the wearing of masks.
Pakistan is also grappling with a new wave and officials warned the virus was spreading at an alarming rate because too few people respected health guidelines.
More than 725,000 people have been diagnosed, but with limited testing the true figure are expected to be much higher.
The government has been reluctant to impose strict lockdowns in the nation where many rely on daily wages, instead ordering the closure of restaurants and shops for two days a week.
There are fears that numbers will accelerate further during the Muslim fasting month of Ramadan, which begins this week and is usually marked by nightly gatherings and mass prayers.
Lockdown warnings
India has recorded more than 873,000 cases in the last seven days -- an increase of 70% compared to the previous week, according to data compiled by AFP.
In comparison, Brazil recorded about 497,000 cases, up 10 percent in a week. The United States -- the worst-hit country -- reported just under 490,000 cases with a rising trend of 9%.
The spike in India, after daily rises in cases fell below 9,000 in early February, has seen many badly affected states and territories impose restrictions on activities.
The nation's wealthiest state, Maharashtra, the epicentre of the infection spike, last week imposed a weekend lockdown and night curfew.
Authorities in the main city, Mumbai, said they will build three more 2,000-bed field hospitals in the next six weeks. The state has warned that a lockdown could be imposed within days if cases continue to rise.
