The increasing frequency and intensity of natural and human-caused disasters, ranging from the COVID-19 pandemic to recent floods, earthquakes, and cyclones in the Bay of Bengal, emphasize the critical need for effective and efficient cross-border disaster management. Bangladesh, due to its unique geographic location, shares these challenges with its neighboring countries, including India, Myanmar, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. While borders may separate nations, disasters recognize no boundaries. The limitations of individual states in effectively addressing these crises, coupled with information deficits, coordination challenges, and resource scarcity, highlight the necessity for a collaborative approach. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) governance can be instrumental in bolstering transboundary disaster response and recovery efforts, provided we have the appropriate framework, cooperation, and dedication to fully utilize the potential of AI.
AI has the capacity to transform disaster management, from early warning systems to long-term recovery efforts. One of AI's most significant advantages is its ability to enhance early warning capabilities. By processing vast quantities of real-time data from satellites, sensors, field reports, and social media, AI can identify the early indicators of disasters, such as developing cyclones in the Bay of Bengal, impending earthquakes in the region, or sudden floods caused by excessive rainfall in neighboring countries and the subsequent opening of dam gates. AI-generated automated alerts can provide timely and accurate information, enabling swifter and more targeted evacuations and preparations, ultimately saving lives.
However, AI's role extends beyond forecasting. It is crucial in crisis management, optimizing resource allocation, and supply chains. AI-powered tools identify critical areas, ensuring efficient deployment of limited resources such as food, and medical supplies. AI's data analysis capabilities can streamline post-disaster rescue operations and relief distribution, ensuring that no area is overlooked and no one receives excessive aid. AI also optimizes supply chains, predicting demand and addressing bottlenecks for timely aid delivery.
In transboundary disasters, AI-powered platforms can facilitate the sharing of real-time data, fostering the necessary coordination among nations. The post-disaster phase typically requires rapid damage assessment and recovery planning. AI can analyze satellite and drone imagery to assess damage to infrastructure, crops, and property, providing a clear overview of the disaster's scale and assisting authorities in prioritizing recovery efforts. Additionally, predictive analytics can offer valuable insights into the long-term consequences of a disaster, such as economic losses or public health concerns, enabling governments across borders to collaboratively devise effective recovery strategies, particularly as they share similar pandemics in similar geographical regions with largely similar populations.
Beyond immediate response and recovery efforts, AI can contribute to risk modeling and preparedness planning. By analyzing historical disaster data, geographic information, and socioeconomic factors, AI can identify regions at high risk. AI-powered simulations can train emergency responders, ensuring their readiness for future disasters. Additionally, AI can enhance public communication, providing timely information, thereby mitigating misinformation and panic during emergencies.
However, the use of AI in transboundary disaster management requires a robust governance framework. To maximize benefits, countries need to establish protocols for data sharing, privacy protection, and ethical AI use. Transparency and accountability are crucial; AI governance should incorporate processes that make decision-making processes visible and understandable, fostering trust among all stakeholders. Additionally, the integration of blockchain technology, a sophisticated database system that enables transparent information sharing within a business network, with AI can revolutionize financial management and aid distribution, ensuring that resources reach the most vulnerable populations across nations efficiently and transparently.
While these advancements offer significant potential, they are not without challenges. Data privacy concerns, regulatory disparities, and the digital divide can impede the full potential of AI in transboundary disaster management. Therefore, a commitment to international cooperation and the creation of multilateral frameworks is imperative.
To fully utilize AI's potential, we must prioritize collaboration, transparency, and ethical considerations. By doing so, we can create a more resilient future where AI-powered governance not only reduces the impacts of disasters but also strengthens ties among nations facing shared challenges. The risks are significant, but with the right approach, the rewards can be even greater. Now is the time to act.
Samira Tasnim is research associate, Bangladesh Institute of Governance and Management (BIGM).
