Bengalis have historically been known as a farming people who thrived under the Bengal Sultanate (14th-16th centuries). However, they also made significant strides in education, literacy, and the arts -- especially under the patronage of Sultans Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah and Alauddin Husain Shah. Scholars from this period excelled in literature, philosophy, and astronomy, enriching the intellectual landscape of the time.
However, the relentless socio-cultural and intellectual assault of British colonialism (1757-1947) left deep vulnerabilities in many aspects of Bengali life. The subsequent 24 years of Pakistani political domination and the prolonged political-cultural influence of India after 1971 until recently in August 2024, have further contributed to systemic stagnation and corruption. Despite these historical setbacks, Bangladesh now has a unique opportunity to reclaim its past glory.
Regardless of whether they identify as nationalist, Islamic or secular, Bangladeshis have long upheld traditional values such as strong family bonds, warm hospitality, and simplicity in their personal lives. As citizens, they have contributed immensely to a rich cultural heritage that includes music, art, and literature. They are widely recognized for their resilience in the face of natural disasters and their diligence in pursuing personal and familial success. Additionally, their strong sense of humour and deep-rooted community spirit remain defining aspects of Bangladeshi identity.
Yet, certain socio-political and cultural challenges persist. The continued reliance on a colonial-era education system, the absence of an accountable political culture, and the erosion of social and ethical values have contributed to undesirable traits that hinder national progress. These include a casual attitude toward responsibilities, lack of discipline, impulsive decision-making, and envy of others’ successes. A tendency toward short-temperedness and hasty reactions in minor disputes can needlessly exacerbate situations.
Of course, these traits are generalizations and do not apply universally. Individuals are shaped by diverse cultural, social, and environmental influences, making their characteristics complex and multifaceted.
Bangladeshis have traditionally been a religious people, but their understanding of faith and religious priorities -- such as the distinction between Fard, Sunnah, Halal, or Haram -- often lacks depth and clarity. Many are passionate about political discussions, but often without a clear objective or constructive outcome. Despite being a predominantly mono-ethnic and mono-linguistic society, Bangladeshis have struggled to achieve the sense of unity and collective strength -- what Ibn Khaldun termed Asabiya -- that is essential for national success. What is urgently needed is a sustainable and knowledge-driven effort to instil religious values rooted in wisdom, nurture strong moral character, and foster an ethics-based political culture.
This paper serves as an inner reflection and a call for deeper introspection, meaningful discourse, and dedicated research. If Bangladeshis wish to move forward in a competitive world, they must commit to well-planned, long-term nation-building efforts that prioritize ethical and intellectual renewal.
Transformational change is not the product of wishful thinking; it demands hard work, persistence, and above all, excellence
Steps for meaningful change
Bangladesh has made notable economic progress in recent years. However, corruption at the highest levels of society surged under the previous regime, eroding public trust and weakening institutions. Now is the time for conscientious individuals and effective civic bodies to engage with grassroots communities and initiate a bottom-up movement focused on knowledge-building and character development.
The country urgently needs an intergenerational transformation plan -- a structured set of initiatives designed to foster intellectual growth, strengthen moral values, and navigate the challenges and opportunities of the future. To break free from the intellectual stagnation and social distrust that has accumulated over generations, Bangladesh must undertake an honest and rigorous SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis to plan for short-, mid- and long-term reforms.
Several key areas require urgent attention to reinvigorate people power and drive meaningful change:
- Cultivating personal discipline and healthy lifestyles
Enhancing personal discipline, including lifestyle habits, is essential for both men and women in Bangladesh. Greater awareness of health literacy, proper nutrition, and regular physical activity can significantly improve not just physical well-being but also self-control and confidence. This shift in mindset should begin at home through positive parenting and be reinforced in school curricula at the primary and secondary levels. A disciplined society starts with disciplined individuals.
- Overcoming short-termism and the ‘quick fix’ mentality
Humans naturally seek quick results, but a fixation on short-term gains often fosters impatience and a tendency to cut corners. This mindset is particularly harmful in business and trade, where unethical practices -- such as deception for higher profits -- can become the norm in the absence of effective oversight. Successful nations manage to keep corruption in check through both strong legal enforcement and deeply ingrained social values. In Bangladesh, fostering a culture of long-term vision, ethical business practices, and integrity -- guided by religious and moral teachings -- can help shift attitudes towards sustainable progress.
- Controlling impulsiveness and emotional outbursts
Anger and impulsiveness are natural human traits, but when unchecked, they can lead to avoidable conflicts and damaged relationships -- whether in families, workplaces, or public life. In Bangladesh, the mix of temperamental reactions and poor conflict resolution often results in unnecessary disputes and social discord. Developing emotional intelligence, mental resilience, and self-restraint is crucial. Practices such as ritual prayer, meditation, and physical fitness can help individuals manage their emotions, stay calm under pressure, and adopt a broader, more purpose-driven outlook on life.
- Eliminating the culture of gossip and rumour-mongering
Idle gossip and the spread of misinformation can be destructive, damaging reputations, families, and social harmony. Many who engage in rumour-mongering lack critical thinking skills, making them susceptible to believing and spreading falsehoods. The Qur’an (49:6) advises believers to fact-check any information received from unreliable sources -- a lesson that is even more relevant today in an era of fake news and digital misinformation. Encouraging analytical thinking, media literacy, and patience from a young age -- both at home and in schools -- will help instil a culture of responsible information-sharing and sound decision-making.
- Transforming negative envy into positive motivation
Envy is a natural human emotion, but when left unchecked, it can become destructive -- breeding resentment, eroding inner peace, and creating social division. A narrow outlook on life often fuels such negativity and instead of allowing envy to fester, individuals should be guided towards healthy competition and personal excellence. Parents, teachers, and religious leaders should emphasize universal values and the concept of destiny (Qadr), teaching children that success is the result of one’s own efforts and that others’ achievements can serve as inspiration rather than a source of bitterness.
Human beings are naturally wired with sense of self-interest, an instinct essential for survival. However, modern individualism -- driven by a “me first” mentality -- has distorted this natural tendency into a social ailment. In everyday life, people make practical compromises within families, workplaces, and in public interactions, recognizing that interdependence is a necessity. True success is achieved not only through isolated efforts but by harnessing individual strengths and aligning them towards collective goals. This principle is best illustrated in team sports, where success depends not only on an individual player’s skill but on seamless coordination, shared responsibility and mutual support. Similarly, in prosperous societies, national interest takes precedence over group interest, which in turn takes precedence over self-interest -- a hierarchy that fosters unity, stability, and long-term success.
To reclaim past successes and secure a better future, Bangladeshis must set ambitious goals and work tirelessly to achieve them
Building people for lasting change
For a country to achieve lasting success, it requires effective socio-political, religious, and intellectual leadership at its core. However, leadership alone is not enough -- sustained progress depends on a society’s moral character (Akhlaq) and ethical public life. A nation’s leadership is a reflection of its people, and vice versa. While individual talent must be nurtured, true national success is built on strong teamwork and collective responsibility.
Passive finger-pointing will not change the status quo. Progress requires bold individuals who are willing to sow the seeds of positive change, inspiring others to follow. Throughout history, prophets (peace be upon them) and great social reformers have exemplified servant leadership -- leading by example, enduring hardship, and staying resolute with moral strength, courage and a clear vision. Transformational change is not the product of wishful thinking; it demands hard work, persistence, and above all, excellence. “Allah has prescribed that you do everything in an excellent and nice manner …” (Sahih Muslim).
Sadly, Bangladesh remains deeply divided along various lines. Polarization, fragmentation, and social atomization have weakened the country, and many people practice religious rituals mechanically, without fully embracing the core values of courtesy (Adab), character (Akhlaq), humility, and mutual respect. While human differences are natural, turning opponent into enemies is a man-made phenomenon. Advanced societies manage disagreements with wisdom, always prioritizing the greater national interest over petty divisions.
To move forward, Bangladeshis must rise above despondency and arm themselves with knowledge, strong character, and confidence. The nation urgently needs a new generation of dedicated, ambitious, and morally upright leader -- the Changemakers -- who possess the vision, passion, and competence to uplift society and enhance Bangladesh’s standing in the global arena.
History offers valuable lessons:
- The Arabs at the time of Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) transformed themselves from tribal feuds and lawlessness into leaders of knowledge, morality, and chivalry within a single generation.
- Japan achieved remarkable progress through an education-focused transformation during the 19th century Meiji Restoration.
- China emerged as a global power after implementing strategic economic reforms in the 1980s, unlocking its civilizational potential.
The common factor in all of these success stories is the indomitable power of the people.
Like the history-makers of the past, grassroots civic activists and key stakeholders must initiate a bottom-up nation building movement, focusing on quality education, skills development and entrepreneurship, and character building and ethical leadership. From now on, the mantra for individuals, families, and communities should be knowledge and character building. Value-based education -- led by dedicated parents and teachers -- can instil competence, integrity, and essential life skills in children. This will lay the foundation for confidence, an entrepreneurial mindset, and a broad, forward-thinking vision -- the true cornerstones of national success.
When competent changemakers initiate this movement selflessly and without political agendas, others will be inspired to join or launch their own initiatives. Small successes will create momentum, building upon one another like a rolling snowball. Eventually, all the individual efforts will connect, forming the blueprint for a stronger, more dignified Bangladesh.
It is time for Bangladeshis to take pride in their country and heritage, embracing their multiple identities -- national (Bangladeshi), ethnic (Bengali), and religious (Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist, and Christian). By upholding universal values such as empathy, tolerance, and respect, they can transform Bangladesh into a land of opportunity and prosperity.
The future of the nation depends on investing in its younger generations, ensuring that children grow into confident, capable, and conscientious citizens. Schools and religious institutions must dedicate significant time and effort to imparting both practical skills and strong moral values. Children should be nurtured to become a force for good -- contributors to society rather than burdens upon it. While this vision may seem idealistic, history has shown that homes, schools, and religious centres, as the core pillars of society, can shape individuals who drive lasting change. The key lies in connecting the dots of individuals and collective efforts to create an outcome greater than the sum of its parts.
To reclaim past successes and secure a better future, Bangladeshis must set ambitious goals and work tirelessly to achieve them. A conscientious and united effort is required to:
- Ensure that every Bangladeshi is not only literate but also well-educated, equipped with contemporary knowledge, rooted in core religious and ethical values, and aware of the wider world.
- Invest in character-building initiatives focused on children, instilling moral and civic values essential for a just and harmonious society.
- Foster a collective consciousness where civil society and socio-political activists work together as citizens, not adversaries, to build a nation that is a source of pride for all.
Bangladesh stands at a crucial juncture. By embracing this vision and taking decisive action, its people can shape a future that honours their heritage while propelling them toward new heights of excellence and dignity.
Dr Muhammad Abdul Bari is an educationalist and author.
