Workers from the Abanti Colour Tex garment factory in Fatullah, Narayanganj, held a road blockade on Monday, demanding payment of their overdue wages.
The protesting workers also reportedly vandalized several nearby factories, throwing bricks and breaking windows.
The workers blocked the Dhaka-Munshiganj regional road around midday, and the situation escalated with damage to factory property.
Police and military officials arrived later to restore order.
Sources from the factory and local authorities said nearly 5,000 workers are employed at Crony Group's Abanti Colour Tex factory.
Several hundred workers were laid off without receiving wages for the past few months.
These workers repeatedly approached the factory management for their unpaid salaries but were ignored.
In frustration, they began their protests in front of the factory and eventually blocked the road, halting traffic.
Fatullah model police station Officer-in-Charge Shariful Islam confirmed the road blockade and vandalism, saying that the police are working to control the situation.
Narayanganj Industrial Police Inspector Selim Badsha added that the workers' demand is for their unpaid wages, which have been withheld for a long time.
"After the workers were dismissed without payment, they began their protest."
Police and military officials have intervened, and talks are being held with the labour leaders to resolve the issue, he added.