Geriatric health is a significant and expanding segment of the healthcare system in Bangladesh, as it is in many other countries around the globe, due to a growing elderly population. It is concerned with the requirements of a special healthcare system, flexible management, and the multiple challenges facing older people, aged 65 years and over.
Experts have cited a shortage in Bangladesh’s available geriatric healthcare facilities, and insist that geriatric healthcare must be integrated into the mainstream healthcare system soon to ensure the good health of the elderly population.
Like many countries around the world, Bangladesh has been experiencing a demographic shift towards an aging population, which has important implications for the prevalence and management of elderly health in the country. Bangladesh has an increasing elderly population of 9.29% of the total population.
As the geriatric population grows, so does the prevalence of chronic health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). CVDs, which encompass conditions such as heart disease and stroke, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among older adults globally. CVD is the main cause of death worldwide, affecting low/middle-income countries disproportionately, which account for more than 75% of CVD-related deaths, mostly among the increasing elderly population.
It is high time to explore how the geriatric population of Bangladesh can be safeguarded against CVDs and receive proper care if they are affected.
In Bangladesh, the elderly often grapple with a multitude of risk factors for CVDs, including hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, malnutrition, and tobacco-alcohol consumption. These risks are exacerbated by limited healthcare access and low awareness of preventive measures. Undetected CVDs and a scarcity of specialized geriatric healthcare services further burden the elderly population.
The essentials path forward
To combat this challenge, a multifaceted approach is essential. Raising awareness about CVD risk factors through public health campaigns, workshops, and educational programs is a critical first step. It is vital to educate both the elderly and their caregivers about the importance of a healthy lifestyle, including proper nutrition, regular exercise, and smoking cessation.
Access to quality healthcare services is paramount. Collaboration between the government and healthcare organizations can establish geriatric-specific clinics, particularly in rural areas with limited access. These specialized facilities provide tailored and comprehensive care. Regular health check-ups are crucial for early detection and prevention of CVDs among the elderly. Timely interventions can prevent the progression of cardiovascular conditions, safeguarding their health.
Diet plays a fundamental role in preventing CVDs. Promoting a heart-healthy diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins is vital. Proper nutrition education and access to affordable, healthy, food options are essential components of this strategy.
Encouraging regular physical activity is vital for maintaining heart health among the elderly. Simple exercises like walking, swimming, and yoga can be adapted to their needs, improving overall well-being and quality of life.
For those already affected by CVDs, specialized geriatric care units within hospitals are indispensable. These units offer comprehensive medical attention, taking into account the unique health issues and vulnerabilities of the elderly.
Medication management is critical for geriatric patients with CVDs, many of whom require multiple medications. Proper adherence to prescribed regimens controls the disease and prevents complications.
Rehabilitation services are needed for recovery after heart-related surgeries or cardiac events. Comprehensive programs help elderly patients regain their strength and independence.
In cases where CVDs have advanced, palliative care becomes crucial. Providing compassionate care ensures relief from symptoms and discomfort, respecting patients' end-of-life preferences and planning.
Caregivers also need support. Services such as respite care and caregiver education programs can provide guidance and assistance, improving the quality of care provided to the elderly.
While the government of Bangladesh has initiated healthcare programs for the elderly, there is a need for greater investment in geriatric healthcare and CVD prevention. Up-to-date research and data on CVD prevalence and outcomes in this population can inform healthcare policies and interventions.
As Bangladesh's elderly population grows, geriatric health and cardiovascular disease management must be prioritized. It is a challenge that requires a comprehensive approach, from awareness campaigns to specialized care units and caregiver support. Safeguarding the hearts of the elderly is not just a healthcare imperative; it's a testament to our commitment to the well-being of those who have paved the way for future generations.
Sarna Samanta Mallick is a Research Assistant at Eminence Associates for Social Development.