Just when your skin starts looking clear, a few painful pimples may appear around your chin and jawline. For many women, this happens in the days leading up to menstruation. These recurring breakouts are commonly known as hormonal acne.
Why does acne appear before your period?
Premenstrual acne is mainly linked to hormonal fluctuations, not poor hygiene. Changes in oestrogen , progesterone, and androgens throughout the menstrual cycle can affect the skin's oil production.
Androgens stimulate the sebaceous glands to produce sebum, the natural oil that protects the skin. However, excess oil can mix with dead skin cells, clog pores and cause inflammation. This can eventually lead to breakouts.
When oestrogen levels fall before menstruation, the effects of androgens may become more noticeable, increasing oil production and the likelihood of acne.
A 2025 review published in Health Science Reports also examined the role of hormones, genetics, and dietary habits in acne development. It highlighted the influence of androgens on oil production and noted that high-glycaemic foods may aggravate acne.
Why do pimples appear suddenly?
Although a pimple may seem to appear overnight, it often develops beneath the skin over several days. Hormonal changes can make these developing breakouts more visible just before menstruation.
Premenstrual acne commonly appears around the chin, jawline, and sometimes the neck. It may develop as deep, painful bumps or whiteheads.
How does your skin change during the menstrual cycle?
Hormonal changes can affect the skin at different stages of the menstrual cycle:
- Days 1–5: Hormone levels are relatively low. Skin may feel dry, while existing acne gradually heals.
- Days 6–13: Oestrogen levels rise, and some women notice clearer skin.
- Days 14–21: Progesterone increases after ovulation, potentially leading to more oil production.
- Days 22–28: Hormonal fluctuations may trigger more noticeable breakouts before the next period.
These stages are approximate, as menstrual cycles and hormonal patterns vary from person to person.
How to manage premenstrual acne
A consistent skincare routine can help reduce recurring breakouts. Some useful practices include:
- Wash your face twice daily with a gentle cleanser.
- Choose non-comedogenic skincare and makeup products.
- Consider salicylic acid or benzoyl peroxide to help manage acne.
- Apply sunscreen regularly.
- Avoid squeezing or picking pimples.
- Clean your mobile phone screen and change pillowcases regularly.
If breakouts occur around the same time every month, start paying attention to your skin before your expected period.
Lifestyle habits that support skin health
Getting seven to eight hours of sleep, managing stress, and maintaining a balanced diet can support overall skin health. Limiting excessive sugary and highly processed foods may also help some people manage acne.
Keeping a diary of your menstrual cycle and breakouts for two to three months can help identify recurring patterns.
If acne becomes painful, persists, or leaves scars, consult a dermatologist for appropriate treatment.