Nato leaders vowed to stick together against threats from Russia and terrorism and recognized the challenge of a rising China on Wednesday, despite another summit overshadowed by US President Donald Trump's angry outbursts.
The 29 leaders meeting outside London to mark the 70th anniversary of the Atlantic alliance agreed a joint statement despite divides over spending and strategy and sharp exchanges between several of the heads of state.
But the bad blood continued to the end of the two-day get together, with Trump branding Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau "two-faced" after a group of allied leaders were caught on video at a Buckingham Palace reception mocking the US leaders' rambling press appearances.
Trump cancelled his planned final news conference to fly directly back to Washington, despite boasting of having convinced his European allies to boost defence spending and Turkey to drop its objections to the adoption of an updated defence plan for the Baltic states and Poland.
The second and final day of the get together began with the release of a video showing Trudeau, France's President Emmanuel Macron, Britain's Prime Minister Boris Johnson and the Netherlands' Mark Rutte joking together about how Trump had delayed the previous days meetings.
Trump was furious, and criticised the Canadian leader for not meeting Nato members' target of spending two percent of their GDP on defence.
"Well, he's two-faced," he said. "And with Trudeau, he's a nice guy. I find him to be a nice guy, but the truth is, I called him out on the fact that he's not paying two percent, and I guess he's not very happy about it."
The moment Johnson is asked a difficult question at the NATO press conference, he shuts the session down, quite literally, and reads unrelated prepared election fluff from a crib sheet.
— Alex Andreou (@sturdyAlex) December 4, 2019
If you're going to distance yourself from Trump, it helps to not behave exactly like Trump. pic.twitter.com/xswlcHsUJH
'Brain dead'
The run-up to the summit had been marked by Macron branding the alliance "brain dead" and demanding a new strategy, reopening a dialogue with Russia and refocusing on the fight against Islamist terrorism.
Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, meanwhile, had threatened to block the updated Baltic defence plan unless his allies agreed to brand the Kurdish militias of northeastern Syria who helped defeat the Islamic State group "terrorists."
But despite the rancour, the 29 managed to agree a "London Declaration" and Turkey withdrew its objections after Trump held an unscheduled side meeting with Erdogan.
"In challenging times, we are stronger as an alliance, and our people safer," the declaration said.
"Our bond and mutual commitment have guaranteed our freedoms, our values, and our security for 70 years."
The statement was the first from Nato to acknowledge the growing strategic challenge posed by China, and also stressed the need for a stronger coordinated response against terrorism.
It held out the possibility of "a constructive relationship with Russia when Russia's actions make that possible" but stressed the threat posed by Moscow's deployment of intermediate range nuclear missiles.
And, in a nod to French and German concerns about Nato's strategic direction, the members asked Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg to consult experts to strengthen the alliance's "political dimension."
On Tuesday the leaders met in various groups in London before attending a reception with Queen Elizabeth II in Buckingham Palace, but Macron refused to withdraw his charge that Nato strategy is "brain dead" and Trump continued to insist some capitals were "delinquent" in paying their way.
The row set up a tense last day of what Nato had hoped would be a 70th anniversary show of unity for the "most successful military alliance in history", and a demonstration that the West can stand up to challenges from Russia and China.
