The now-legendary fall of the CPI(M)-led Left Front government in West Bengal was read by many as the final nail in the demise of left-wing ideologies in West Bengal. For many, it was the moment when a certain unthinkable happened -- and this feeling was not limited to the supporters of the Left Front.
However, for many years before its fall, far away from the distant and hence reality-divorced political chatter of Delhi, the Left Front had been facing a different kind of criticism inside West Bengal. That the CPI(M) was moving away from its leftist credentials.
While hot-talk about imperialism and stances of communalism kept certain Delhi lobbies assured about the CPI(M)’s leftist pedigree, the realities unfolding in Bengal were very different. This is why the victory of the Trinamool Congress in 2011, if read as a defeat of leftist politics in Bengal, is a misjudgement.
Leftist politics can only be judged by actual practice and not by theory. In actual practice in the sub-continent, this translates into policies that put people’s rights before corporate interest, protection of public sector services and production, expansion in social sector spending along with an anti-communal and anti-imperialist, pacifist outlook. If anything, in 2009 parliamentary elections and 2011 assembly elections, the Trinamool challenged the CPI(M) from a more “leftist” stance.
Mamata Banerjee was quite conscious of the electorate she was dealing with and the fact that “communism” isn’t a dirty word to many in Bengal. She famously said that she makes a difference between CPI(M) and communists.
While communists may not need a certificate of authenticity from Mamata Banerjee, it shows that it’s a real constituency. In fact, during her rapid rise in the wake of the Singur Nandigram agitation, it was the ideological heft provided by a section of the left intellectuals who were critical of the CPI(M) that gave her broader legitimacy among the urban middle classes. Leftism or speaking in a “leftist” voice mattered and still matters in Bengal.
In fact, it is the CPI(M) which has abandoned the Marxist slogans that was so evident on the walls of West Bengal through much of their rule. “Marxbad shorbosoktiman karon iha sotyo” (Marxism is all-powerful because it is true) is not something that even the CPI(M) places high on its slogan-writing agenda.
This shift had started during the last CPI(M) regime under Buddhadeb Bhattacharya, when it had pursued the “capitalist” road. This shift started long before, after the fall of the USSR, when the pull of socialism or communism as a world-scale alternative for the entire human race got a severe jolt -- something from which it is yet to recover.
The smaller left-wing parties (parties like the SUCI(C) or the many Naxalite splinters including some relatively large ones like CPI(ML)-Liberation) have not grown but have not seen a steep decline either. Add to this the periodic spurts in Maoist politics in the western districts of West Bengal, and the state of leftism in West Bengal appears more complicated.
While in parts of Latin America and Europe left-wing politics has experienced a marked revival and upswing in popularity in the last 20 years, that phenomenon has passed by the leftist political groups of Bengal who have not been able to reinvent themselves with the changing times so as to attract the young to their core ideological commitments about people’s welfare and emancipation.
While the post-Manmohan urban middle classes are the most vocal and generally it is their view that is represented as the view of West Bengal, their whole-hearted welcome of private investment and privatisation at any cost as the favoured antidote to the state’s employment crisis, evokes, at best, mixed feelings.
When it comes to differences between Trinamool and the CPI(M) on a leftist stance on policy issues, we find a mixed bag. Trinamool has been long opposed to Special Economic Zones (if only against the actual term SEZ), while CPI(M) promoted SEZs in West Bengal while rhetorically opposing it in theory.
Trinamool is among the few state governments which have been against GM seeds and the Monsantos of the world have limited power over the present West Bengal government. On the question of nuclear power plants, CPI(M) has never been opposed to it as a matter of policy in West Bengal while Trinamool opposes setting up of a nuclear power plant in Haripur of West Bengal.
However, in the Rajya Sabha, Trinamool has sided with the BJP (where the government is in a minority) on the Coal Bill that opens up this important public resource for commercial profiteering by private entities.
In West Bengal, the Trinamool has not followed up on its commitment of releasing all political prisoners and has in fact abolished the category of political prisoners from the jail code -- something that is as far away from leftist ideology as can be.
Trinamool’s increased social sector spending based on much-increased revenue has been severely criticised as being “handout” politics. But such “handouts” are among the very few things that the poorest among the public ever get from the public exchequer. These attract much more criticism than handouts to corporate entities or thousands of crores in corporate tax breaks ever do.
While in this election season, Trinamool is under severe fire for corruption, few among her opponents are criticising her schemes to providing huge number of scholarships to girls, religious minorities, talented artists, and artisans practising their traditional craft such as 4 million bicycles to school students, setting up of several “fair-price” medicine shops, and a huge expansion in the proportion of population that provides rice at Rs2 per kilo.
Whichever is the new government, these schemes are set to continue. These are the policies through which the leftist commitment to people’s welfare is visible in public politics and on that question, the CPI(M) and the Trinamool are not appreciably different and stand miles apart from the Congress and the BJP.
Thursday, April 25, 2024
